Abstract The contribution is focused on the assessment of the influence of the heat treatment of AZ61 magnesium alloy on its microstructure, mechanical properties and fatigue behaviour in both the low- and high-cycle regimes. Experimental material was manufactured by the squeeze casting method and the heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 380 °C with various annealing time with subsequent water quenching. Optimal heat treatment conditions were established based on the results of tensile tests and metallographic analysis. Cyclic deformation behaviour and fatigue life of AZ61 magnesium alloys was studied under stress amplitude-control in a laboratory air at room temperature.